OFFSHORE oil gas drilling, trivelle mediterraneo

Appunti
     
 140814 TRIVELLAZIONI



  il post di Sergio è corretto, ma si possono fare alcunie considerazioni che ne allarghino l'orizzonte ed approfondiscano alcuni temi sia a livello comunale, regionale, nazionale, internazionale.
 
  Problematiche locali e nazionali
 
  1 - oltre che il livello  % delle royalties importa quantificare il loro importo nei diversi casi, ovvero quanto entra nelle csse del comune in cui si fanno le trivellazioni e/o della regione e dello stato
  2 - chi e come si controlla che le quantità estratte ed esportate siano quelle dichiarate
  3 - chi e come si controlla la gestione degli incassi e chi deve agire se l'incasso manca.
  4 - chi ha responsabilità e potere per fare questi contratti, quali criteri usa, a chi ne risponde (penso anche ai cotratti "take or pay" dell'ENI di S+ B con la Russia per il gas e mai modificati anche quando ve ne è stata la possibilità. .  e a quelli con il kazakistan   (Danno ererariale enorme)
  5 - perchè e da chi, con quali valuatzioni di impatto ambientali e danni economici ad altre attività (pesca, agricoltura, turismo) sono state effettuate le scelte di variare la distanza offshore e le prospezioni a terra.
 
    6 - la nefasta interazione con l'allentamento e sostanziale azzeramento della responsabilità di impresa per i danni  causati al territorio: se la ditta non è in grado di sopportare l'onere economico, pazienza, ci teniamo il danno ed il territorio devastato
    7 - la dimensione economica delle imprese prestanome con cui si fanno i contratti: anzichè la BP un dittarella con capitale versato pari al costo di una automobile.
   
    Problematiche internazionali, legati alla natura di bacino chiuso delmediterraneo.
   
    8 - inutile restringere i permessi ed aumentare la distanza offshore se la nazone vicina (Croazia, Malta, Grecia, Cipro . . ) Loro danno ipermessi di estrazione stessi campi petroliferi a breve distanza dalle nostre coste, alle stesse dittarelle irresponsabili, ci troviamo corrnuti e mazziati
    9 - sono anni che si discute a Londra della necessità di una legislazione internazionale comune, ma vi sono strane esitazioni e lunghi silenzi.
    10 - tutto questo ai fini della situazione economica dell'Italia ( enon solo) ha una importanza capitale, come tutta la politica energitica in generale, si avrebbero effetti sostanziali sulla politica fiscale e sui servizi. Ma la gente comune non lo percepisce, la stampa sta quieta per ignoranza o connivenza, i politici hanno unica priorità il loro potere, le riforme istituzionali raffazzonate e pericolosissime. Di economia, quella vera non si parla, solo slogan e distruzione dello stato sociale, e delle protezioni della classe dei lavoratori. Veteromarxista. e controllo dell'informazione.
11- le trivellazioni offshore (ma anche quelle a terra) inquinano in modo continuo e costante, (anche le trivellazioni usate per le prospezioni ed i test. Durante la perforazione si iniettano liquidi per il "taglio", durante la coltivazione si iniettano altri liquidi. Si ha dal gasolio e vari altri tipi di solventi, alle sospensioni di bentonite (argilla). I liquidi iniettati fuoriescono inevitabilente dal foro devastando e desertificando il fondo marino circostante. Vi sono accordi internazionali  (protocolli) che fissano sei limiti alle concentrazioni dei vari tipi di inquinanti emessi e i vari governi li accolgono o meno in accordi bilaterali con le compagnie petrolifere. Per esempio
Italia, Norvegia, USA (vedi valori).
Al di la della grande e difficilmente motivabile variabilià dei livelli di concentrazione assunti, vi sono da rilevare almeno 3 cose.
a11 - . il limite è posto alle concentrazione e non alle quantità, per esempio (pratica seguita pergli scarichi di molti impianti di depuazione mal condotti) si possonno immettere quantità di tossici rilevanti aumentando la portata d'acqua in cui vengono diluiti.
b11 - quale organismo controlla il rispetto dei limiti ? l'ARPA ?! e con quale frequenza ? e quando l'eventuale ispettore dell'ARPA arrivasse a bordo della piattaforma chi gli prende i campioni ? chi assicura che l'impianto sia a regime ?
c11 - l'accordo fra uno stato e la compagnia petrolifera riguarda il punto di immissione, ma le correnti marine dove portano effettivamente gli inquinanti ?
12 -  Inquinamento acustico. Non ci si pensa, ma il fondo dei mari è molto silenzioso e mote specie di pesci, specie quelli di grandi dimensioni, usano onde sonore e sonar per  cercare il cibo, sfuggire ai predatori, interagire fra loro. Le trivelllazioni, il pompaggio, le piattaforme, il traffico di petroliere sono sorgenti sonore continue  e fortissime che provocano stordimento e confusione e persino la morte delle specie che non riescono a fuggire. In ogni caso hanno un imatto devastante sulla fauna marina.

13 - le spa con capitale si 10.000 euro
14 - la nuova normativa sulle responsabilità e gli ndennizzi dovuti perle bonifiche, come si valuta il danno di queste immissioni ? Le royalties non coprono nemmeno i danni alla pesca
15 - senza un accordo con  i "coinquilini" del mediterraneo è tutto inutile. Si pesca dalla Sicilia ad Algeri, dalla Sirte a Genova, da Tunisi alle Balaeri, dalla Grecia a Trieste
16 - le fasce di rispetto in varie nazioni
 17 - le royalies. La franchigia ed il suo effetto, una peculiarità italiana ? Chi ha l'autorità di firmare accordi, chi supervede e verifica la congruità, chi li fa rispettare, come si verificano le quantitàestratte, come si contabilizzano gli incassi. Un cattivo esempio: Gli accordi dell'ENI con Gazprom non modificati, con il kazakistan. Un caso ? una ingenuità ? o una precisa volontà "politica"?
18 - l'importo delle royalties e dei danni erariali da contratti confrontato con i taglialla scuola,alla sanità, l'aumento delle tasse locali e nazionali.

19 - Sanare il deficit in Grecia, Spagna, Cipro, Malta. La politica economica ed i suggerimenti della Germania alla Grecia. L'aiuto dei russi alla Siria. La "pace" fortemente richiesta fra turchia e Grecia per il Leviatan Basin

20 Gli incidenti. In Adriatico, in Egitto. Ma non sono la cosa peggiore.

------------------------
IMPORTANTE
https://portals.iucn.org/docs/iucnpolicy/2012-recommendations/en/WCC-2012-Rec-174-EN%20Offshore%20oil%20drilling%20in%20the%20Mediterranean.pdf

http://unmig.mise.gov.it/unmig/info/omc2013/sicurezza_offshore.pdf

http://producedwatersociety.com/pdf/drilling_fluids_discharge_table.pdf

http://www.rempec.org/admin/store/wyswigImg/file/News/Forthcoming%20Meetings/Offshore%20Protocol%20WG%20%28Malta,%2013-14%20June%202013/WG%20384-%20INF.5%20-%20IMLI%20Doc%20-%20Llewelyn%20Usher%20-%20E.pdf

http://www.gmfus.org/wp-content/blogs.dir/1/files_mf/1399909936Livnat_OffshoreEnergySafety_May14_web.pdf

http://www.mepielan-ebulletin.gr/default.aspx?pid=18&CategoryId=4&ArticleId=29&Article=Sustainable-Governance-of-Offshore-Oil-and-Gas-Development-in-the-Mediterranean:-Revitalizing-the-Dormant-Mediterranean-Offshore-Protocol

http://www.greenprophet.com/2012/05/israel-marine-agency/

http://www.ukessays.com/essays/environmental-sciences/offshore-drilling-impacts-and-solutions-environmental-sciences-essay.php

http://books.google.it/books?id=2N5gR1UYT3YC&pg=PA448&lpg=PA448&dq=mediterranean+drilling+offshore&source=bl&ots=IFhWXjU8zB&sig=2lGXKzriuALWExqRg1mU60MUcG0&hl=it&sa=X&ei=463wU-qqFomP7AbIwYGYCw&ved=0CHwQ6AEwCThk#v=onepage&q=mediterranean%20drilling%20offshore&f=false

http://observers.france24.com/content/20100611-berlusconi-willing-risk-same-fate-mediterranean-gulf-mexico-petroceltic-cygam-mog-eni-offshore

http://fracking.cedha.net/wp-content/uploads/2013/07/EIS-Cyprus1.pdf

 http://195.97.36.231/dbases/acrobatfiles/94IG4_4_Protocol_Eng.pdf

http://www.haaretz.com/print-edition/news/wildlife-group-warns-planned-offshore-drilling-could-harm-mediterranean-sea-life-1.342098

 http://www.reuters.com/article/2012/09/12/oil-mediterranean-idUSL5E8KB97R20120912

http://www.digitaljournal.com/article/293298

https://www.onepetro.org/conference-paper/OMC-2005-077

http://www.offshore.no/international/news/article.aspx?Id=21633

http://www.seas-at-risk.org/n2.php?page=426

http://www.newpark.com/news-it/2013-it/newpark-drilling-fluids-presents-paper-at-offshore-mediterranean-conference-it

http://ambientebio.it/trivelle-petrolio-e-ambiente-le-mani-che-si-allungano-sulle-coste-siciliane/

http://www.qds.it/16244-trivelle-lo-sfruttamento-viene-dall-altra-parte-del-mediterraneo.htm

http://www.spe.org/news/article/algeria-to-start-offshore-operations-by-years-end




http://communities.washingtontimes.com/neighborhood/flip-side-faith-politics-communication/2010/jul/19/breaking-bps-next-deal-deepwater-drilling-mediterr/

http://www.jpost.com/Diplomacy-and-Politics/Turkey-Israel-clash-over-gas-drilling






http://www.forbes.com/sites/christophercoats/2013/09/19/italys-offshore-drilling-continues-to-confuse/




http://www.phantomreport.com/oil-and-natural-gas-mania-in-the-mediterranean-sea

http://www.csun.edu/~dorsogna/nodrill/OffshoreExplore.pdf

http://www.bloomberg.com/news/2012-04-07/sarkozy-condemns-offshore-oil-drilling-plans-in-mediterranean.html

http://www.nobleenergyinc.com/operations/eastern-mediterranean-128.html

http://subseaworldnews.com/2014/01/27/mediterranean-oil-gas-moves-ahead-with-drilling-campaigns-offshore-malta/



   
    


http://www.offshore-mag.com/articles/print/volume-73/issue-7/offshore-mediterranean/mediterranean-sea-plays-offer-new-opportunities.html

Mediterranean Sea plays offer new opportunities

07/10/2013

As Greece searches for a solution to its unending debt debacle and Cyprus seeks €5.8 billion ($7.6 billion) for its European bailout, both countries' best hope may lie under their very shores. In the past four years, fortunes in fossil fuels have been unearthed in the eastern Mediterranean. In April 2010, the US Geological Survey estimated 122 tcf of recoverable natural gas in the eastern-most part of the Mediterranean Sea (the Levant or Levantine basin), more than the world consumes in a year. If this and other estimates are correct, these offshore natural gas and oil deposits may play the deus ex machina to the current Greek drama.
  . . .

It all started offshore Israel. Noble Energy, a Houston-based oil and gas company with Israeli ties, led the exploration of oil and gas in Israel's waters in the Levant basin.   . . . . .

http://www.globalresearch.ca/the-new-mediterranean-oil-and-gas-bonanza/29609

The New Mediterranean Oil and Gas Bonanza

Part II: Rising energy tensions in the Aegean—Greece, Turkey, Cyprus, Syria

 . . . . Tulane University oil expert David Hynes told an audience in Athens recently that Greece could potentially solve its entire public debt crisis through development of its new-found gas and oil. He conservatively estimates that exploitation of the reserves already discovered could bring the country more than €302 billion over 25 years. The Greek government instead has just been forced to agree to huge government layoffs, wage cuts and pension cuts to get access to a second EU and IMF loan that will only drive the country deeper into an economic decline. [4]
Notably, the IMF and EU governments, among them Germany, demand instead that Greece sell off its valuable ports and public companies, among them of course, Greek state oil companies, to reduce state debt. Under the best of conditions the asset selloffs would bring the country perhaps €50 billion. [5] Plans call for the Greek state-owned natural gas company, DEPA, to privatize 65% of its shares to reduce debt. [6] Buyers would likely come from outside the country, as few Greek companies are in a position in the crisis to take it.
One significant problem, aside from the fact the IMF demands Greece selloff its public oil interests, is the fact that Greece has not declared a deeper exclusive economic zone like most other countries which drill for oil. There was seen little need until now. An Exclusive Economic Zone (EEZ) gives a state special mineral rights in its declared waters under the Third United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS), which came into force in November 1994. Under UNCLOS III, a nation can claim an EEZ of 200 nautical miles from its coastline. [7]
Turkey has previously stated it would consider it an act of war if Greece drilled further into the Aegean. [8] Until now that did not seem to have serious economic consequences, as no oil or gas reserves were known. Now it’s an entirely different ballgame.
Evangelos Kouloumbis, former Greek Industry Minister recently stated that Greece could cover “50% its needs with the oil to be found in offshore fields in the Aegean Sea, and the only obstacle to that is the Turkish opposition for an eventual Greek exploitation.” [9] . . .  .



http://expattmagazine.com/combating-pollution/

Combating Pollution: Offshore Drilling & Regional Sea Regimes

November 15, 2013 • 

-------------------

http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/ee151f26-f38a-11e1-b3a2-00144feabdc0.html#axzz3Aee6U7WX

  High quality global journalism requires investment. Please share this article with others using the link below, do not cut & paste the article. See our Ts&Cs and Copyright Policy for more detail. Email ftsales.support@ft.com to buy additional rights. http://www.ft.com/cms/s/0/ee151f26-f38a-11e1-b3a2-00144feabdc0.html#ixzz3AgvQw8o2

Mediterranean playground for oil groups

By Guy Chazan

Best-known for sun, sea and sand, the Mediterranean has suddenly become a playground for the global oil industry.

The Arab Spring, and a series of huge natural gas finds in the so-called Levantine basin have piqued interest in an area that barely made it on to oil companies’ radar a decade ago.

Italy’s partial relaxation of a ban on offshore oil and gas drilling introduced in the wake of the 2010 Deepwater Horizon disaster has also stimulated activity, with a clutch of companies now dusting off plans to drill in the Adriatic.

Malta is the latest spot in the Mediterranean to debut on the oil map. Last month, Genel Energy, the oil company run by former BP chief executive Tony Hayward, said it had bought a stake in exploration blocks off the coast of Malta from AIM-quoted explorer Mediterranean Oil & Gas .

Bill Higgs, MOG’s chief executive, says the revolutions that swept north Africa and the Middle East last year have encouraged companies to take a fresh look at the region. “There are a lot more opportunities than there were before the Arab Spring in places like Egypt, Libya and Tunisia,” he says.
That was reflected in Egypt’s recent oil licensing round, which attracted a huge volume of bids. “I’ve seen a significant number of international oil companies looking to consolidate their position in Egypt and Libya and new entrants coming in,” says John Conlin, an energy lawyer at Norton Rose.

But it was the big finds in the eastern Mediterranean that fundamentally changed the industry’s view of the region. Since 2009, some 35tn cubic feet of gas – roughly half of Canada’s total reserves – have been discovered in the deep waters off Israel and Cyprus, much of it by the US independent Noble Energy. One of the fields, Israel’s Leviathan, which was discovered in 2010, was the world’s largest deepwater gas find in a decade.

The US Geological Survey estimates the Levantine Basin, a subsea area which runs from Egypt north to Turkey, contains 1.7bn barrels of undiscovered, technically recoverable oil and 122tn cubic feet of gas – a massive prize. Leviathan, and the Aphrodite find in Cyprus last year, seemed to confirm the optimism.

“Those discoveries really invigorated interest in the Med,” says Brian O’Cathain, chief executive of AIM-quoted explorer Petroceltic, which has interests offshore Italy. “An area that wasn’t considered prospective was found to have huge amounts of gas.”

For Genel, the deal with MOG is a bet that offshore Malta will prove as rich in hydrocarbons as nearby Libya. Mr Hayward knows Libya well, having spent months negotiating BP’s famous $900m exploration deal with the Gaddafi regime in 2007. In an interview last month, he said Malta was an extension of Libya’s Sirte basin, one of the world’s great oil-producing areas. Malta’s waters had “significant exploration potential”, he said.

While Malta remains a frontier play, other countries like Cyprus are now well-established in the oil and gas universe. The island’s second licensing round this year attracted bids from 15 companies, ranging from supermajors like France’s Total SA to smaller explorers like Cairn Energy, for nine offshore blocks. By contrast, its first licensing round in 2007, barely noted by the industry, resulted in only once licence being issued – to Noble.

Meanwhile, prospects have also perked up in Italy, which last month eased its ban on oil drilling in coastal waters. The restrictions still apply for new projects, but all ventures that were up and running before the Gulf of Mexico oil spill can now proceed. Mr O’Cathain of Petroceltic says the company will resume drilling next year, pending the necessary environmental permits.
Spain is also attracting interest. Cairn has plans to drill in the Valencia Basin off the eastern Spanish coast in 2014. It will also submit bids for an offshore licensing round in Lebanon next year.
Yet the Mediterranean is not a walk in the park. Explorers venturing into its waters risk getting caught up in a complex web of regional squabbles and rivalries. Turkey has repeatedly told oil companies to stay away from Greek Cypriot waters. Last year, Italy protested against Malta’s publication of a tender for oil and gas exploration covering parts of the Ionian Sea claimed by Rome. Malta itself is in dispute with Libya over offshore areas further to the south. And Israel and Lebanon have sparred over Leviathan, which is close to the disputed line separating their territorial waters. Hizbollah, the radical Shia group, has accused Israel of stealing Lebanese gas.
However, MOG’s Mr Higgs dismisses the geopolitical dangers. The Mediterranean is “proving to be a place with relatively low political risk, especially on the European side”, he says.
-----------------
FT

1. October 22, 2010

   Edison accused of polluting Mediterranean

   ...of severely polluting the Mediterranean seabed through disposal of oil waste products from drilling operations in Italy’s biggest offshore oilfield. Italy’s environment...company is Italy’s largest offshore oil producer and Europe... By Eleonora de Sabata and Guy Dinmore in Rome

   
   

   -----------------------------------

   1. beyondbrics

      May 5, 2014

      Croatian oil & gas: an Adriatic game-changer?

      ...Croatia could have offshore reserves of up...say before actual drilling is done,” she...seismic [studies], drilling and appraisal...compared with those of Mediterranean competitors...Croatia completed offshore-to-onshore pipelines...s existing drilling spots or platforms... Andrew MacDowall

    --------------------------------------

   1. June 29, 2012

      Petroceltic jumps 13.9% on Italy move

      ...this week after Italy partially relaxed a ban on offshore oil and gas drilling introduced two years ago in the wake of the Gulf...saw a 14.5 per cent climb in the shares of Mediterranean Oil & Gas , which holds a licence for an Adriatic... By Bryce Elder

    ---------------------------------------

   1. October 10, 2011

      Italy joins rush for oil and gas rights

      ...government is joining a pan-Mediterranean rush to establish territorial...rights over possible offshore oil and gas deposits...s haste to develop offshore fields follows an...also in dispute over offshore gas exploration...biological zones where drilling would be prohibited... By Guy Dinmore in Rome
       
   2. ---------------------------------------------------

   
   

   1. August 9, 2010

      Sicilians mobilise against offshore drilling

      ...to start deep-sea drilling off nearby Libya, Sicily...already started deepwater drilling near a planned marine...issued new procedures for offshore drilling in Italy on April...without oxygen deep in the Mediterranean. “We cannot afford to... By Eleonora de Sabata and Guy Dinmore in Rome

      ----------------------------------------------------

      uly 1, 2010

      FTSE 100 sell-off continues into second half

      ...results from its first offshore Cameroon well were likely...proposal to restrict offshore drilling. The well is in the proposed five miles offshore restriction. Italy...per cent to 89p, and Mediterranean Oil & Gas , off 12... By Neil Hume and Bryce Elder

       -----------------------------------

      
      

      1. August 12, 2004

         Corsica prospects its own North Sea

         ...planet. With the North Sea heyday over, it is the Mediterranean's turn to attract attention. A British exploration...vessel has been developed to ensure leak-proof deep offshore drilling and oil prices have rocketed, exploration can begin... By Paul Betts

      
      

       -----------------------------------------

      1. August 11, 2004

         European Comment: Irrational exuberance catches up with oil

         ...planet. With the North Sea heyday over, it is the Mediterranean's turn to attract attention. A British exploration...vessel has been developed to ensure leak-proof deep offshore drilling and oil prices have rocketed, exploration can begin... By Paul Betts

      
      

      ----------------------------------------

      3. August 9, 2010

         Sicilians mobilise against offshore drilling

         Pantelleria: ADX, the Australian company, has begun deepwater drilling for oil 13 miles off the volcanic island “No By Eleonora de Sabata and Guy Dinmore in Rome

      1. August 1, 2010

         Move to halt BP drilling off Libya

         Plans by BP to start drilling for oil and gas off Libya within weeks have prompted growing calls for a moratorium on By Guy Dinmore and Eleonora de Sabata in Rome
      2. July 28, 2010

         Frattini questions BP drilling off Libya

         Plans by BP to start deep-sea drilling for oil and gas in Libya’s Gulf of Sirte should be brought before the Union of the By Guy Dinmore and Eleonora de Sabata in Rome
         
         #############################
         http://awsassets.wwfit.panda.org/downloads/wwfdossier_trivelleinvista_2013.pdf
         
         GCB: dossier "Trivelle in vista" del WWF" molto grosso e documentato sul problema delle trivelle offshore. Occorre studiarlo e "completarlo" con considerazioni sulla interzione con le nazioni vicine (ad una occhiata veloce mi è parsoe che questa parte sia carente, ma forse sbaglio). Non riguarda le royalties,ma gli impatti ambientali
         #############################